He kūpono ka hao ductile no nā mea valve, no ka mea, he nui kona mau pono.Ma keʻano he pani no ke kila, ua hoʻomohalaʻia ka hao ductile i ka makahiki 1949. ʻO ka maʻi kalapona o ke kila kila ma lalo o 0.3%,ʻoiaiʻo ka hao hao a me ka hao ductile he 3%.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa kalapona maʻiʻo o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kalapona i loaʻa ma ke ʻano he graphite manuahi ʻaʻole i hana i nā flakes.ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ke kalapona i loko o ka hao hao he mau graphite flakes manuahi.I ka hao ductile, aia ka graphite ma ke ʻano o nā nodules ma mua o nā flakes e like me ka hao hoʻolei.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hao a me ke kila kila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiwai kino o ka ductile.ʻO ia nā nodules poepoe e kaohi ai i ka hana ʻana o nā māwae, pēlā e hāʻawi ai i ka ductility i hoʻonui ʻia e hāʻawi i ka inoa i ka alloy.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka flake i ka hao e alakaʻi ai i ka nele o ka ductility o ka hao.Hiki ke loaʻa ka ductility maikaʻi loa e ka ferrite matrix.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hao hao, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hao ductile i ka ikaika.ʻO ka ikaika tensile o ka hao ductile he 60k, aʻo ko ka hao hao he 31k wale nō.ʻO ka ikaika hoʻohua o ka hao ductile he 40k, akā ʻaʻole hōʻike ka hao i ka ikaika o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a e pohā hope.

Ua like ka ikaika o ka hao ductile me ke kila hoolei.ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka ductile hao.ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hao ductile he 40k, aʻo ka ikaika hoʻohua o ke kila hoʻolei he 36k wale nō.I ka hapanui o nā noi aupuni, e like me ka wai, ka wai paʻakai, ka mahu, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation o ka hao ductile ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea kila.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Ductile iron he hao spheroidal graphite.Ma muli o ka microstructure graphite spheroidal, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hao ductile ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke kila i ka haʻalulu haʻalulu, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha.ʻO kahi kumu nui no ke koho ʻana i ka hao ductile e like me ka mea valve he haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ke kila hoʻolei.ʻO ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka hao ductile e ʻoi aku ka kaulana o kēia mea.Ma waho aʻe o ke koho ʻana i ka hao ductile hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai machining.